Laboratory

1. Hormonal Testing

• Reproductive hormones play a vital role in regulating the menstrual cycle and supporting conception. FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) stimulates egg growth in the ovaries, while LH (Luteinizing Hormone) triggers ovulation and the release of the egg. Estrogen (Estradiol) helps thicken the uterine lining in preparation for pregnancy, and Progesterone maintains this lining after ovulation to support implantation. Prolactin, primarily responsible for milk production, can affect ovulation when levels are high. AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone) reflects ovarian reserve, indicating the number of eggs left in the ovaries.  While balanced androgen levels (such as Testosterone) are also important, as imbalances can interfere with ovulation. Maintaining these hormones in proper balance is key to supporting fertility and reproductive health.

2. Thyroid Function Tests

• Thyroid tests are blood tests that assess the function of the thyroid gland by measuring TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone), T3 (Triiodothyronine), and T4 (Thyroxine) levels, which regulate metabolism, energy, and overall body functions. These tests help detect thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. In addition, thyroid antibody tests check for the presence of antibodies that may attack the thyroid gland, indicating autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or Graves’ disease. Testing both thyroid hormones and antibodies provides a clearer picture of thyroid health, aids in accurate diagnosis, and helps guide appropriate treatment.

3. Metabolic and Insulin Resistance Tests

• Glucose tests measure the level of sugar in the blood to check how the body regulates energy. They help detect and monitor diabetes or prediabetes and may include fasting, random, or oral glucose tolerance tests. Abnormal results indicate problems with blood sugar control, guiding diagnosis, treatment, and lifestyle management.

• A lipid profile is a blood test that measures the levels of different fats, or lipids, in the blood to assess cardiovascular health. It typically includes total cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein or “bad” cholesterol), HDL (high-density lipoprotein or “good” cholesterol), and triglycerides. High levels of LDL and triglycerides or low levels of HDL can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and atherosclerosis. The lipid profile helps doctors evaluate heart health, identify risk factors, and guide lifestyle or medication interventions to maintain healthy blood fat levels.

4. Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency Tests

• Ferritin and Vitamin D are important indicators of overall health and well-being. Ferritin is a blood protein that reflects the body’s iron stores, helping assess iron levels and detect conditions like iron deficiency or iron overload, which can affect energy levels and bodily functions. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in bone health, immune function, and hormone regulation. Low levels can lead to weakened bones, fatigue, and increased risk of certain health issues. Testing ferritin and vitamin D helps identify deficiencies early, allowing for proper treatment and improved overall health. 
• Vitamin B12 helps form healthy red blood cells, supports nerve function, and boosts energy. Vitamin K1 aids in blood clotting, while Vitamin K2 helps calcium reach the bones and protects the arteries. Calcium strengthens bones and teeth, supports muscle and nerve function, and aids blood clotting. Zinc boosts immunity, promotes wound healing, and supports growth and development.

5. Liver and Kidney Function Tests

• Liver function tests (LFTs) are a group of blood tests that assess the health and performance of the liver. They measure enzymes and proteins such as ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) and AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), which indicate liver cell injury, and ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) and GGT (Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase), which help detect bile duct problems or liver disease. Bilirubin levels show how well the liver is processing waste from red blood cells, while albumin and total protein assess the liver’s ability to produce essential proteins. Together, these tests provide a comprehensive overview of liver function, helping detect liver damage, disease, or impaired liver performance.

• Renal function tests (RFTs) are a group of blood and urine tests that assess how well the kidneys are working. They measure substances such as creatinine, a waste product from muscle metabolism, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN or urea), which reflects how efficiently the kidneys remove nitrogen waste. Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate are checked to evaluate the kidneys’ role in maintaining fluid and mineral balance. Together, these tests provide a clear picture of kidney health, helping detect dysfunction early and guide proper treatment.

6. Tumor Marker Testing

• CA 125, CEA, CA 19-9, CA 15-3, and HE4 are tumor marker tests that help detect and monitor certain types of cancers. CA 125 is mainly used to assess ovarian cancer, CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) is linked to colon and other gastrointestinal cancers, CA 19-9 is associated with uterus, pancreatic and biliary cancers, and CA 15-3 helps monitor breast cancer. HE4 (Human Epididymis Protein 4) is another marker used with CA 125 to improve the detection of ovarian cancer and to monitor treatment response.

7. Fertility and Reproductive Health Tests

• Comprehensive hormone panels for fertility assess reproductive health in both men and women. In women, to evaluate ovarian reserve, ovulation, and hormonal balance. In men, to assess sperm production and overall reproductive function.