Cervical Cancer Screening

Liquid-Based Pap Smear

• Guideline for cervical cancer screening

  Age	Screening test	When/interval	Notes
  20–34 years	Pap smear only	Annually	Cytology only, no HPV co-test required
  ≥ 35 years	Pap + HPV (co-test)	Every 3 years	This is for women with cervix, under organized program

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  Reference Sources Commonly Used Clinically

  1. Cervical cancer screening in Germany (PubMed / article summary)
     • States that women ≥ 20 are entitled to annual Pap tests under statutory health insurance in Germany, and describes reforms for co-testing above age 34/35.
     • Mentions the transition in the organized screening program and adoption of European guidelines.

  2. “Prevention of Cervical Cancer. Guideline of the DGGG and the DKG”
     • German professional guideline (DGGG = German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics, DKG = German Cancer Society) that discusses organized HPV-based screening, intervals, evidence, etc.

  3. Krebsregister / official cancer registry “Zentrum für Krebsregisterdaten”
     • States that from age 35, HPV plus Pap co-testing every three years is offered (as of 2020).

  4. ACOG — “Updated Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines”
     • Official practice advisory page stating the 3 recommended options (primary HPV every 5 years, cytology alone every 3 years, co-testing every 5 years) for ages 30–65; also reaffirming starting age 21, etc.

  5. CDC / STD treatment guidelines — HPV / cervical cancer screening
     • The CDC page says that in average risk persons aged 21–29, cytology every 3 years is recommended; for 30–65, cytology alone every 3 years, HPV alone every 5 years, or co-testing every 5 years are acceptable.

  A highly effective test for detecting abnormal cervical cells, which may indicate pre-cancerous or cancerous changes.

• Offers precise results with minimal discomfort, allowing for early intervention if needed.

HPV Testing (Human Papillomavirus Test)

• Detects high-risk strains of HPV associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer.

• Used alongside Pap smear testing to improve diagnostic accuracy and guide personalized follow-up care.

Colposcopy

• A diagnostic procedure using a magnifying device to examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for abnormal tissue changes.

• Helps identify early lesions that may not be visible during routine clinical exams.

Infrared Coagulation Therapy for Cervical Erosion

• An advanced treatment used to address cervical erosion caused by chronic cervicitis.

• Coagulates abnormal tissue, improves local blood circulation, and promotes rapid healing with minimal scarring.

Comprehensive Risk Assessment and Counseling

• Each patient receives a detailed evaluation of personal risk factors, including family history, lifestyle, and previous medical conditions.

• Provides guidance on preventive measures, vaccination, and regular follow-up for long-term cervical health.